A model of health adaptation incorporating multiple individual and environmental variables has been developed by Pender(1982; 1987)and includes polar constructs of health promotion and health protection. The domain of health protection includes individual behavior directed toward the regulation and maintenance of homeostasis and structural integrity. Health promotion is the actualization of inherent and acquired individual potential. Both health-protecting and health-promoting behaviors include physical, social, and self-care components.
Assumptions guiding Pender’s model include concepts of personal choice and self-directed behavior. The assumption of personal suggests that change, self-actualization, or the capacity for change exists if the individual so chooses. A second assumption supposes that individual behavior is purposeful and movtivated toward a goal. Purpose can only exist if choices are available and the individual is capable of making a choice. In a revision of this model, Pender has added a component of environmental modification that includes assessment and sociopolitical change. Enviromental modification is considered along with personal change strategies for illness prevention and health promotion.
Annual Review of Nursing Research, Volume 19, 2001
查閱pender健康促進書的p26中顯示adaptative model是Smith,J, (1983) the idea of health: Implications for the nursing profession提出
adaptive model:Family patterns of interaction with the physical and social enviroment, charaterized by flexible, effective adaptition or ability to change and grow.
